Tooth pain is one of those things that can really throw your day off. Whether it’s a dull ache or a sharp, stabbing sensation, it can make eating, talking, and even sleeping a challenge. Toothaches are one of the top reasons patients end up in the dentist’s chair. Fortunately, most tooth pain has a clear cause, and your dentist can help you figure out what’s going on and how to fix it.
Let’s break down five of the most common causes of tooth pain, what symptoms to look out for, and what you can do to feel better fast.
1. Tooth Decay (Cavities)
Tooth decay is probably the number one reason patients experience tooth pain. It happens when bacteria in your mouth mix with sugars from food and drinks, creating acid that eats away at your tooth enamel. This can lead to cavities over time.
What It Feels Like:
- Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks
- Pain when you bite down or chew
- Visible holes or dark spots on your teeth
When the enamel wears away, it exposes the softer layer underneath called dentin. Dentin has tiny tubes that lead to the nerves inside your tooth, which is why you feel pain when something hot, cold, or sweet touches it.
If you think you have a cavity, don’t wait to see your dentist. They can clean out the decay and fill the hole with a filling to stop the pain all in one visit.
2. Gum Disease
Gum disease is another big culprit behind tooth pain. It starts when plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) builds up along your gum line, causing inflammation and irritation. It can lead to more serious problems like receding gums, bone loss, and even tooth loss.
What It Feels Like:
- Swollen, red, or bleeding gums
- Bad breath that won’t go away
- Teeth that feel loose or shift when you bite
As gum disease progresses, it can cause your gums to pull away from your teeth. This creates pockets where bacteria can hide. Then you get infections and feel pain.
The best way to prevent gum disease is by brushing and flossing every day and seeing your dentist for regular cleanings. If you already have gum disease, your dentist might recommend a deep cleaning or other treatments to get your gums healthy again.
3. Sensitive Teeth
If you’ve ever winced while eating ice cream or sipping hot coffee, you might have sensitive teeth. This happens when the protective enamel on your teeth wears down, exposing the dentin underneath.
What It Feels Like:
- Sharp pain when eating or drinking something hot, cold, or sweet
- Discomfort when breathing in cold air
Dentin is full of tiny tubes that lead to the nerves in your teeth. When something hot, cold, or sweet touches the dentin, it sends a signal to the nerves, causing that sudden jolt of pain.
Switch to a toothpaste made for sensitive teeth, and use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Avoid acidic foods and drinks, like soda and citrus fruits. Your dentist might recommend treatments like fluoride gel or bonding to protect your teeth if the sensitivity doesn’t go away.
4. Dental Trauma
Accidents happen, and sometimes they can leave your teeth cracked, chipped, or even knocked out. Dental trauma can cause a lot of pain if the damage reaches the inner layers of your tooth.
What It Feels Like:
- Pain when biting or chewing
- Swelling around the tooth
- Visible cracks, chips, or missing pieces of the tooth
When a tooth is damaged, it can expose the nerves inside and make you feel pain. Even if the damage isn’t visible, a crack or fracture can cause discomfort when you eat or drink.
See your dentist right away after a tooth injury. They can assess the damage and suggest treatments like bonding, a crown, or even a root canal if the nerve is affected.
5. Tooth Infection (Abscess)
A tooth infection, or abscess, is a serious issue that needs immediate attention. It happens when bacteria get inside your tooth or gums, causing a pocket of pus to form.
What It Feels Like:
- Throbbing pain that doesn’t go away
- Swelling in your gums, face, or jaw
- Fever or a bad taste in your mouth
The infection puts pressure on the surrounding tissues and nerves, causing intense pain. If it’s not treated, the infection can spread to other parts of your body.
Call your dentist right away if you think you have an abscess or see one. They’ll likely need to drain the abscess and prescribe antibiotics to clear the infection. In some cases, a root canal or extraction might be necessary.
What to Do If You Have Tooth Pain
If you’re dealing with tooth pain, the first step is to call your dentist. They can figure out what’s causing the pain and recommend the best treatment. In the meantime, here are a few things you can do to ease the discomfort:
- Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
- Rinse your mouth with warm salt water to reduce swelling
- Use a cold compress on your cheek to numb the area and reduce inflammation
Preventing Tooth Pain
The best way to avoid tooth pain is by taking good care of your teeth and gums. Brush twice a day, floss daily, and see your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings. Don’t ignore negative changes in your mouth. The sooner you address the problem, the easier it will be to fix.
Tooth pain might be common, but that doesn’t mean you have to live with it. Whether it’s a cavity, gum disease, or something more serious, your dentist in Frederick, MD, can help you get to the root of the problem and find relief.
Depending on the cause, treatment options may include fillings, root canals, or even extractions. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation, but they aren’t the solution. Schedule an appointment today and take the first step toward a pain-free smile!